Automation testing uses automation tools to type and perform test cases, no physical involvement is required for running an automated test suite. Testers favor automation tools to type test scripts and test cases and then combine them into test suites.

Automation testing allows the use of special tools to automate the execution of manually designed test cases without any intervention of man. Automation testing tools can use the test data, manage the execution of tests, and relates the actual result with the expected result.

• Automation testing helps functional testing as well as performance testing of an application.
• It also helps in the execution of repeated test cases.
• It allows parallel execution.
• It helps in testing a big test matrix.
• It increases accuracy as there are no human errors.
• It saves a lot of time and money.

• Teleric Test Studio, Developed by Teleric.
• HPE Unified Functional Testing (HP - UFT formerly QTP)
• TestingWhiz
• Tosca Testsuite
• Quick Test Professional, provided by HP.
• Watir
• Rational Robot, provided by IBM.
• Selenium, open-source.
• Coded UI, provided by Microsoft.
• Auto It, Open Source.

• Load Runner, provided by Hp.
• Burp Suite, provided by PortSwigger.
• JMeter, provided by Apache.
• Acunetix, provided by Acunetix.

Selenium is a handy framework used for software testing. Selenium tool works as a playback tool for running functional tests without the knowledge or learning of a test scripting language.

It is the most widely used open-source Web User Interface (UI) automation testing tool. Selenium is developed by Jason Huggins in 2004 as an internal tool. Selenium helps automation through various browsers, platforms, and programming languages.

• Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
• Selenium Remote Control (Now Deprecated)
• WebDriver
• Selenium Grid

• Programming Languages: C#, Java, PHP, Python, Ruby, JavaScript, Perl.
• Operating Systems: Android, Windows, iOS, Linux, Solaris, Mac.
• Browsers: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Edge, Safari, etc.

Selenium v1.0:

• Version 1.0 was the first release of Selenium.
• It consists of three tools: Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, and Selenium Grid.

Selenium v2.0:

• In version “2.0”. Selenium WebDriver was introduced substituting Selenium RC
• With the onset of WebDriver, RC got denounced and moved to the legacy package.

Selenium v3:

• The latest Selenium 3 has new upgraded features and functionalities.
• It consists of Selenium IDE, Selenium WebDriver, and Selenium Grid.

• Functional Testing
• Sanity Testing
• Regression Testing
• Responsive Testing
• Smoke Testing
• UI testing (black box)
• Cross Browser Testing
• Integration Testing

Selenium IDE is applied as a Firefox extension that gives record and playback functionality on test scripts. It permits testers to transfer recorded scripts in different programming languages like HTML, Ruby, Java, Python, RSpec, C#, TestNG, and JUnit.

Selenium IDE is limited and the created test scripts are not robust, and portable.

• ID
• Name
• ClassName
• PartialLinkText
• TagName
• LinkText
• CSS Selector
• Xpath
• DOM

• AndroidDriver
• ChromeDriver
• EventFiringWebDriver
• FirefoxDriver
• HtmlUnitDriver
• InternetExplorerDriver
• iPhoneDriver
• iPhoneSimulatorDriver
• RemoteWebDriver

Assert: Assert command test whether the given condition is true or false. If the condition is true, the program control will run smoothly to the next phase of testing, and if the condition is false, execution is instantly stopped, and nothing will be executed.

Verify: Verify command also test if the given condition is true or false. It doesn’t stop running the program, it means any failure during verification will not stop the execution, and all the test phases would be executed in a way they are executing.

• XPath is a programming language used for positioning nodes in XML documents.
• XPath can be used as a substitute when you don’t have an appropriate id or name attribute for the element you want to locate.

XPath Absolute:

XPath Absolute allows users to show the complete XPath location from the root HTML tag to the precise elements.

Syntax: //html/body/tag1[index]/tag2[index]/…/tagN[index]

Example: //html/body/div[2]/div/div[2]/div/div/div/fieldset/form/div[1]/input[1]

XPath Attributes:

XPath Attributes are always suggested when you don’t have an appropriate id or name attribute for the element you want to locate.

Syntax: //htmltag[@attribute1='value1’ and @attribute2='value2’]

Example: //input[@id='passwd’ and @placeholder='password’]

Single Slash “/": Single slash creates XPath with absolute path.

Double Slash “//": Double slash creates XPath with the relative path.

• Test
• Before
• After
• Ignore
• BeforeClass
• AfterClass
• RunWith

Know the Interview Criteria of these MNCs!!!

• Google Interview Preparation Guide
• Amazon Interview Preparation Guide
• Accenture Interview Preparation Guide
• Capgemini Interview Preparation Guide
• Cognizant Interview Preparation Guide

Selenium Interview Questions For Experienced

• AndroidDriver
• IphoneDriver
• OperaMobileDriver

• JAVA
• PHP
• Python
• C#
• Ruby
• Perl

findElement(): To find the first element within the existing page by using “locating mechanism”. It returns one WebElement.

findElements(): To find all the elements within the existing page by using “locating mechanism”. It returns with a list of all web elements.

• Implicit Wait
• Explicit Wait

Create an instance of a driver of that specific browser.

WebDriver driver =newFirefoxDriver();

Here, “WebDriver” is an interface, and we are generating a reference variable “driver” of type WebDriver, instantiated using “FireFoxDriver” class.

By using Action class to generate user event like right-click an element in WebDriver.

Actions action = newActions(driver);

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(“elementId”));

action.contextClick(element).perform();

Actions action = newActions(driver);

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(“elementId”));

action.moveToElement(element).perform();

1. Using driver.navigate command -

driver.navigate().refresh();

2. Using driver.getCurrentUrl() with driver.get() command -

driver.get(driver.getCurrentUrl());

3. Using driver.getCurrentUrl() with driver.navigate() command -

driver.navigate().to(driver.getCurrentUrl());

4. Pressing an F5 key on any textbox using the sendKeys command -

driver.findElement(By textboxLocator).sendKeys(Keys.F5);

5. Passing ascii value of the F5 key, i.e., “\uE035” using the sendKeys command -

driver.findElement(By textboxLocator).sendKeys("\uE035”);

Navigate back in browser history:

driver.navigate().back();

Navigate forward in browser history:

driver.navigate().forward();

driver.get(“url”); or

driver.navigate().to(“url”);

Get command helps us in getting the inner text of the defined web element. It doesn’t need any parameter, but it brings a string type value. It is also one of the most used commands used for the verification of labels, messages, and errors, etc. from web pages.

Syntax

String Text = driver.findElement(By.id(“Text”)).getText();

We use the WebDriver’s Select class to select values in a dropdown.

Syntax:

selectByValue:

Select selectByValue = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id(“SelectID_One”)));

selectByValue.selectByValue(“greenvalue”);

selectByVisibleText:

Select selectByVisibleText = new Select (driver.findElement(By.id(“SelectID_Two”)));

selectByVisibleText.selectByVisibleText(“Lime”);

Select selectByIndex = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id(“SelectID_Three”)));

selectByIndex.selectByIndex(2);

navigate().back()

This command requires no parameters and returns the user to the previous webpage.

Example

driver.navigate().back();

navigate().forward()

This command permits the user to navigate to the next web page with reference to the browser’s history.

Example

driver.navigate().forward();

navigate().refresh()

This command permits the user to refresh the existing web page by reloading all the web elements.

Example

driver.navigate().refresh();

navigate().to()

This command permits the user to open a new web browser window and navigate to the stated URL.

Example

driver.navigate().to(“https://google.com”);

An inline frame called iframe is used to add another document within the existing document. This document can be HTML or web page and nested web page.

Select iframe by id

driver.switchTo().frame(“ID of the frame”);

Locating iframe using tagName

driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElements(By.tagName(“iframe”).get(0));

Locating iframe using index

frame(index)

driver.switchTo().frame(0);

frame(Name of Frame)

driver.switchTo().frame(“name of the frame”);

frame(WebElement element)

Select Parent Window

driver.switchTo().defaultContent();

To use HtmlUnit first use the RemoteWebDriver and pass it in the anticipated capabilities.

IWebDriver driver

= new RemoteWebDriver(DesiredCapabilities.HtmlUnit())

For the Firefox implementation to run, use

IWebDriver driver

= new RemoteWebDriver(DesiredCapabilities.HtmlUnitWithJavaScript())

Example

String PROXY = “199.201.125.147:8080”;

org.openqa.selenium.Proxy proxy = new.org.openqa.selenium.Proxy();

proxy.setHTTPProxy(Proxy)

.setFtpProxy(Proxy)

.setSslProxy(Proxy)

DesiredCapabilities cap = new DesiredCapabilities();

cap.setCapability(CapabilityType.PROXY, proxy);

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(cap);

Page Object Model (POM) is a design pattern for making an Object directory for web User Interface elements. Every web page is necessary to have its page class. The page class is accountable for finding the WebElements in web pages and then implements operations on WebElements.

The advantages of using POM are.

• It enables separate operations and flows in the UI from Verification - increases code readability
• Numerous tests can use the same Object Repository as the Object Repository is independent of Test Cases.
• Reusability of code

import org.junit.After;

import org.junit.Before;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;

import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

public class TakeScreenshot {

WebDriver drv;

@Before

public void setUp() throws Exception {

driver = new FirefoxDriver();

drv.get(“https://google.com”);

}

@After

public void tearDown() throws Exception {

drv.quit();

}

@Test

public void test() throws IOException {

//capture the screenshot

File scrFile = ((TakeScreenshot)drv).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

// paste the screenshot in the desired location

FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(“C:\\Screenshot\\Scr.jpg”))

}

}

To enter the string in a textbox The sendKeys(“String to be entered”) is used.

Syntax

WebElement username = drv.findElement(By.id(“Email”));

// entering username

username.sendKeys(“sth”);

WebDriver enables user to test the visibility of the web elements. These elements can be radio buttons, boxes, buttons, checkboxes, drop, labels etc. that can be used with the following methods.

• isDisplayed()
• isSelected()
• isEnabled()

Syntax:

isDisplayed():

boolean buttonPresence = driver.findElement(By.id(“gbqfba”)).isDisplayed();

isSelected():

boolean buttonSelected = driver.findElement(By.id(“gbqfba”)).isSelected();

isEnabled():

boolean searchIconEnabled = driver.findElement(By.id(“gbqfb”)).isEnabled();

driver.findElement(By.linkText(“Google”)).click();

The given command searches for the element by using a link text, then clicks on that element, and then the user is redirected to the matching page.

driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText(“Goo”)).click();

The given command looks for the element based on the substring of the link given in the parenthesis. And after that partialLinkText() discovers the web element with the stated substring and then clicks on it.