Networking Interview Questions and Answers 2022 Prepare Now
Tejasvee Sharma
Nov 29, 2021
Networking is a very important topic and it is highly in demand. So to get the job in MNC you need to prepare well these Networking Interview Questions and Answers given on this page. We have provided 50+ networking interview questions that were asked in interviews by expert interviewers. Continue learning about this topic from this page and keep practicing for your upcoming interviews.
About Networking: It is the method of transporting and exchanging data and information between nodes over a shared medium in a network. Networking comprises not just designing, constructing a network but also managing, sustain and operating network framework, software and policies.
A set of devices that are attached with a physical media link makes a network. A network is created when two or more nodes are attached by a physical link or two or more networks are linked by one or more nodes. it is a collection of devices connected to allow the sharing of data. Internet is a network as it connects millions of people across the world.
2. Tell the advantages of Distributed Processing?
Secure
Support Encapsulation
Distributed database
Faster Problem solving
Security through redundancy
Collaborative Processing
3. Tell the criteria to check the network reliability?
Network reliability is theThe factor ability to run the desired operation by using a network such as communication through a network. Reliability plays an important role in functionality so the network monitoring systems and devices are the important requirements for making the network reliable. The factor that makes the network reliable is:
Downtime: It is the required time to recover.
Failure Frequency: It is the frequency that does not work the way it is intended.
Catastrophe: It shows that the network has been attacked with fire, earthquake, or any unexpected event
4. Name the factors affecting the security of a network?
The main two factors affecting security are:
Unauthorized Access
Viruses
5. Tell the factors affecting the reliability of a network?
The main reliability affecting factors of a network:
Frequency of failure
Recovery time of a network after a failure
6. Tell the factors affecting the performance of a network?
The factors affecting the performance of a network are:
A large number of users
Transmission medium types
Hardware
Software
7. Explain the criterion that makes a network effective and efficient?
Performance: It can be measured in different ways like transmit time, speed and response time, etc.
Reliability: It is calculated by the frequency of failure.
Robustness: It tells the condition or quality of being strong.
Security: It takes care of data protection from illegal access and viruses.
8. Explain bandwidth?
Every signal has an upper range frequency limit and a lower range frequency limit. The limit of range frequency of the network between its highest and lowest point is called bandwidth.
9. Explain node and link?
A network set a connection between two or more computers that are directly connected by some physical source like optical fiber or coaxial cable. So that physical medium or source of connection is called a link, and the computer devices that are connected are called nodes.
10. Explain gateway? How a gateway is different from a router?
A node that has more than one network makes a gateway and it is also called a router. It is used to send messages from one network to another. The main work of a gateway and router is to regulate the traffic in the network.
Differences between gateway and router:
Generally, a router sends the data between two or more same networks whereas a gateway sends the data between two dissimilar networks.
11. What is DNS?
DNS’s full form is Domain Name System, introduced by Paul Mockapetris and Jon Postel in 1983. It is kind of a naming system for all the resources available on the internet which contains physical nodes and applications. It easily locates resources over a network. It generally maps the domain names on the internet to their associated IP addresses.
12. What is a DNS forwarder?
It is used with a DNS server when it gets DNS queries that will not be resolved quickly. So to forward these requests to external DNS servers for resolution DNS forwarder is used.
Ways the DNS server behaves when it is organized as a forwarder:
When a server receives a query and solves it by using cache.
When a server is not able to resolve the query and sends it to another DNS server.
When forwarder is not available, then it tries to solve the query by using root hint.
13. Explain NIC?
NIC’s full form is Network Interface Card is a peripheral card inserted in a computer to connect to a network. Each NIC has its separate MAC address that identifies the PC on the network.
It makes a wireless connection to a LAN (Local Area Network).
It is majorly used in desktop computers.
14. What do you understand of 10Base-T?
In 10Base-T, the numeric 10 shows the data transfer rate, i.e., 10Mbps. The word Base means baseband and T states the type of cable used which is a twisted pair.
15. Explain NOS in computer networking?
Network Operating System (NOS) is dedicated software that provides network connectivity to a computer through which communication is possible with other desktop computers and other connected devices. Through this software, you can communicate within devices and share data and files with other devices. The first NOS was Novel NetWare which was released in 1983. Windows 2000, Windows XP, Linux, etc. are some other examples of NOS.
16. Discuss different types of networks?
Based on area of distribution, the networks are divided into different types such as:
PAN (Personal Area Network): The range of this network is very limited that is up to 10 meters and generally created for personal use. You can connect personal devices through PAN like, computers, telephones, fax, printers, etc.
LAN (Local Area Network): The range of this network is small geographical locations like offices, hospitals, schools, etc.
HAN (House Area Network): It is the same as LAN that but it is only used within a house and connects homely devices like personal computers, phones, printers, etc.
CAN (Campus Area Network): It covers a campus area for connecting devices that links to other departments within the same campus.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): The range of the network is large cities like metropolitan cities having a wide geographical area.
WAN (Wide Area Network): It covers wide geographical locations that connect cities and countries.
GAN (Global Area Network): Satellites are used to connect devices globally.
17. Explain POP3?
POP3 means the Post Office Protocol version3 is accountable for using the mail service on a client device. POP3 is executed on two models that are Delete mode and Keep mode.
18. Explain MAC address?
MAC means Media Access Control is the device address at the Media Access Control Layer of Network Architecture. The address is unique means no other device can have the same MAC address.
19. Describe IP address?
An IP address is a 32-bit software unique address of a computer in a network system.
20. Explain private IP address?
There is a total of three ranges of IP addresses is reserved for being an IP address. You cannot use the internet with a private IP address. Still, if you want to use the internet through private IPs, then you must have a proxy server or NAT server.
21. Explain public IP address?
It is an IP address which an Internet Service Provider takes and allows you to have communication through the internet.
22. Discuss APIPA?
APIPA means Automatic Private IP Addressing which is generally found in Microsoft operating system.
23. What is the full form of ADS?
ADS full form is Active Directory Structure is a Microsoft technology that manages computers and other devices.
24. Explain RAID?
RAID is a way to make Fault Tolerance available by using multiple Hard Disc Drives.
25. Explain anonymous FTP?
Anonymous FTP provides users to access the files on public servers. Users which have permissible access to data in these public servers need not identify themselves and log in to an anonymous guest.
26. Discuss protocol?
A protocol is a set of rules and regulations used to administer all the aspects of information communication.
27. Tell the main elements of a protocol?
Syntax: It tells the format or structure of the data and also gives the presentation order of it.
Semantics: It provides the meaning of each section of bits.
Timing: It tells about the time when the data should be sent and how quickly it can be sent.
28. Explain Domain Name System?
There are two different types of client/server programs. The First type is directly accessed by the users and the second type supports application programs. The second type is the Domain Name System which supports programs that are used by other application programs for example to find the IP address of an e-mail recipient.
29. Explain the link?
It is connectivity between two or more devices that contains cables and protocols used to make communication between these devices are called links.
30. In how many categories the seven layers of the OSI reference model is grouped?
Network layer: Layers 1, 2 & 3 are the network layers.
Transport layer: Layer 4 is a transport layer.
Application layer: Layers 5, 6 & 7 are the application layers.
31. Explain the layers of the OSI reference model?
It is an ISO standard networking framework for executing the protocols in seven layers.
1. Physical Layer: It is the lowest layer that is used for the broadcasting of an unstructured raw bit stream over a physical medium. The data is transmitted either in the form of electrical/optical or mechanical form. The physical layer is used as twisted-pair cable, fiber-optic or wireless transmission media.
2. DataLink Layer: It moves the data from one node to another node. It firstly receives the data from the network layer and transforms the data into data frames and after that, it attaches the physical address to these frames, and lastly, it is sent to the physical layer. It makes an error-free transfer of data from one node to another node.
3. Network Layer: It changes the logical address into the physical address. This layer also provides the routing concept means it finds the best route to travel for the packet from source to the destination.
4. Transport Layer: It sends the message via network and provides error checking to eliminate the error at the time of transfer of data.
5. Session Layer: The major role of this layer is to start, sustain and end the communication between the devices. It also reports coming errors to an upper layer.
6. Presentation Layer: it interprets the data from one format to another format.
7. Application Layer: It permits the user to access the network and the topmost layer of the OSI model.
32. Explain the use of the OSI physical layer?
It basically converts data bits into electrical signals and vice versa. In OSI physical layer, network devices and cable types are considered and set up.
33. What is the functionality of the OSI session layer?
It tells the protocols for two devices to communicate with each other by holding a session of a network. It set up the session, manages information exchange during a different session, and tear-down the process upon finishing the session.
34. Tell the maximum length of a UTP cable?
A maximum 90 to 100 meters length of UTP cable is used.
35. Explain RIP?
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is used by routers to share or send data from one network to another. It is a dynamic protocol that finds the best route from the source to the network by using the hop count algorithm. Routers exchange the network topology information by using this routing information protocol. Small or medium-sized networks can use this protocol.
36. Explain TCP/IP?
It is a set of protocol layers that exchanges data over different types of networks. TCP/IP means Transmission Control Protocol /Internet protocol.
37. Explain netstat?
The “netstat” provides the information related to the current TCP/IP setting of a connection as a command-line utility program.
38. Explain the ping command?
The “ping” is used to check the connectivity between the network devices. It is a utility program and you can ping devices using their name or IP address.
39. Explain Sneakernet?
Sneakernet is the oldest form of networking where the data is physically moved by using removable media.
40. What is the peer-peer process?
The processes where each device communicates with the given layer are called the peer-peer process.
41. Explain congested switch
A switch receives or collects packets faster than the shared link. It provides space and stores in its memory, for the duration, and after a time the switch will run out of space, and some packets will be dropped. This state is called a congested state.
42. Explain multiplexing in networking?
It is a set of techniques that allows the transmission of multiple signals through a single data link at the same time.
43. Tell some advantages of address sharing?
Address sharing adds to the security than routing does. It is because the host computer on the Internet can only read the public IP address of the external interface and not the private IP addresses on the internal network.
44. Explain RSA Algorithm?
RSA means the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman algorithm is used for public-key encryption.
45. Name all the four layers are in TCP/IP?
Application Layer
Transport Layer
Internet Layer
Network Layer
46. Difference between TCP/IP model and OSI model?
TCP/IP stands for TCP is transmission control protocol and OSI stands for Open System Interconnection
TCP/IP has 4 layers & OSI has 7 layers
TCP/IP is more reliable than the OSI model.
TCP/IP model uses horizontal approach and OSI use for vertical approach.
TCP/IP model uses the same session and presentation layer in the application layer whereas OSI uses separate layers for both
TCP/IP develops the protocols first and then model and OSI does the opposite.
TCP/IP model supports only connectionless communication whereas the OSI model supports both connection-oriented and connectionless communication in the network layer.
TCP/IP model is protocol dependent whereas the OSI model is a protocol-independent
47. Differentiate between domain and workgroup?
The workgroup is a peer-to-peer computer network and the domain is a Client/Server network.
The workgroup can have a maximum of 10 computers and the domain can have up to 2000 computers.
In the workshop, every user can manage the resources individually whereas domains need one administrator.
In the workshop, all computers must use LAN and domain can use any network.
In the workshop, each computer must be changed manually and in a domain, any change made to the computer reflects in all.
48. Explain HTTP?
HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol sets the rules and regulations on the data and information transmission to the World Wide Web (WWW). It communicated between the web browsers and web servers. It is a free or ‘stateless protocol’ where every command is independent w.r.t. the previous command. It is an application layer protocol created upon the TCP. It uses port 80 by default.
49. Explain HTTPS protocol?
HTTPS stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure or Secure HTTP. It is the updated and secured version of HTTP. In HTTPS, SSL/TLS protocol is used to provide an extra layer of security. It permits secure transactions by encoding the communication and identifying network servers securely. It uses port 443 by default.
50. Explain UDP protocol?
UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol and works on Datagrams used for multicasting and broadcasting. The functionality of UDP protocol is kind of the same as TCP/IP Protocol except for the three ways of handshaking and error checking. Simple transmission is used without any hand-shaking makes it less reliable.
