Bundles are required to transmit the data between different Android activities. These work as a HashMap that takes trivial data. The below-given code tells you how to transfer the data by using bundle:

Bundle b=new Bundle();

b.putString(“Email”,“abc@xyz.com”);

i.putExtras(b); // where i is intent

• Port forwarding services.
• Thread and heap information.
• Logcat.
• Screen capture on the device.
• Network traffic tracking.
• Incoming call and SMS spoofing.
• Location data spoofing.

• String
• List
• Map
• CharSequence
• Java data types (int, long, char, and boolean)

• OnCreate(): It is used to create an activity. It creates views and data is collected from bundles.
• OnStart(): It makes the activity visible to the user.
• OnResume(): When the activity starts interacting with the user.
• OnPause(): When the activity is working in the background but not killed yet.
• OnStop(): When an activity is no longer visible to the user.
• OnDestroy(): When the activity is completed or destroyed.
• OnRestart(): When the activity is started again.

• Position Sensor: It is used for measuring the physical position of the Android device. This has orientation sensors and magnetometers.
• Motion Sensors: These sensors consist of gravity, rotational activity, and acceleration sensors which measure the rotation of the device or the acceleration, etc.
• Environmental Sensor: It includes sensors that measure temperature, humidity, pressure, and other environmental factors.

• It is an essential file for every Android application.
• It is located in the root directory.
• This file performs several tasks such as:
• Provides a new name to the java package.
• Describe different components like activity, services, etc.
• Setting the classes that will implement these components.

It is a messaging object that requests an action to be done from other components of an application. It is used to begin an activity, send SMS, email, show a web page, etc. It displays messages notification to the user on an Android-enabled device. It also shows the alerts to users of a particular state.

Two types of Intents are:

• Implicit Intent- invoke the system components.
• Explicit Intent- invoke the activity class.

Class is a collected form of a .java file that is used to create an executable .apk file for Android.

A file is a bundle of information, resources which store information. It can be of any file type.

Activity is a single screen that shows GUI (Graphical User Interface) which allows users to do something like dial the phone, view email, etc.

It is a popup message that displays on the screen. It shows the status of the operation started by the user and only covers the space required for the message while the user activity remains active. The Toast notification fades in and out if it does not interact.

Syntax:

Toast.makeText(ProjectActivity.this, “Your message here”, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

The context of the present state of the application or object in Android. It comes with services like providing access to databases, resolving resources, etc.

Two types of context are:

Activity context: It is involved in the lifecycle of an activity. It can be used when you are allowing the context in the possibility of an activity or the context whose lifecycle is attached to the activity.

Application context: It is involved in the lifecycle of an application. It is used when you need a context where the lifecycle is separated from the present context or when you are allowing a context further than the scope of activity.

Explicit Intent: It is where you notify the system that which activity needs to handle this intent. In this, the targeted component is mentioned directly in the intent.

For example,

Intent i = new Intent(this, Activitytwo.class); #ActivityTwo is the target component

i.putExtra(“Value1”,“This is ActivityTwo”);

i.putExtra(“Value2”,“This Value two for ActivityTwo”);

startactivity(i);

Implicit Intent: It allows you to announce the action you want to run. The Android system checks the components which are going to handle that particular action based on intent data. Here target component is not mentioned in the intent.

For example,

Intent i = new Intent(ACTION_VIEW,Uri.parse(“http://www.interview bit.com”));

startActivity(i);

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• Even after 5 seconds, there is no response to an input event.
• When a broadcast receiver has not performed or finished its execution within 10 seconds.

Compatibility Check: There might be chances that an application is not compatible with the Android operating system.

Memory Management:

• Some apps work fine on one device but might not work on other devices of the same operating system. It is due to the lacking of processing power, memory management, and CPU speed.
• Because of limited memory space on mobile devices, in that case, listens you need to free up memory space so the application runs properly.
• If an application is repeatedly crashing, then you need to delete the application’s data, by clearing its cache memory and making some free space on your device to boost the app’s performance.

It is a mechanism that listens to system-level events like incoming calls, SMS, etc. by the host application. It is implemented as a subclass of BroadcastReceiver class and each message is broadcasted as an intent object.

public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver

{

public void onReceive(context,intent){}

}

• Services: It is used to run background functionalities.
• Intent: It is used to run interconnection between activities and the data passing tool.
• Resource Externalization: strings and graphics.
• Notification: It shows the activities like light, sound, icon, dialog box, and toast.
• Content Providers: It is used to share data between applications.

• Open-source: You do not require a license, development fee, distribution, etc. to use it.
• Platform-independent: It supports various platforms like Windows, Mac, and Linux.
• Supports various technologies: It uses advanced technology like camera, Bluetooth, wifi, speech, EDGE, etc.
• Highly optimized Virtual Mechanism: It uses a highly optimized virtual Mechanism for supporting devices which are called DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine).

• Activity
• View
• Intent
• Service
• Content Provider
• Fragment etc.

• AndroidManifest.xml
• build.xml
• bin/
• src/
• res/
• assets/

• Shared Preferences
• Internal Storage
• External Storage
• SQLite Databases
• Network Connection

Intent i = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), ActivityTwo.class);

startActivity(i);

• FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK
• FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP

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• Alert Dialog
• Progress Dialog
• Date Picker Dialog
• Time picker Dialog

• Surface.OutOfResourceException
• Inflate Exception
• WindowManager.BadTokenException
• SurfaceHolder.BadSurfaceTypeException

• SDK Tools
• JDK
• Eclipse+ADT plugin

Android 11.0 is the latest version released in September 2020. Most of the Android version has been named after either sweet or desserts.

| — | — | — | — | | Version | Android Name | API Level | Year of Release | | Android 1.0 | No Codename | 1 | 2008 | | 1.1 | No Codename | 2 | 2009 | | 1.5 | Cupcake | 3 | 2009 | | 1.6 | Donut | 4 | 2009 | | 2.0 - 2.1 | Éclair | 5 - 7 | 2009 | | 2.2 – 2.2.3 | Froyo | 8 | 2010 | | 2.3 – 2.3.7 | Gingerbread | 9 - 10 | 2010 | | 3.0 – 3.2.6 | Honeycomb | 11 - 13 | 2011 | | 4.0 – 4.0.4 | Ice Cream Sandwich | 14 - 15 | 2011 | | 4.1 – 4.3.1 | Jelly Bean | 16 – 18 | 2012 | | 4.4 – 4.4.4 | Kitkat | 19 – 20 | 2013 | | 5.0 – 5.1.1 | Lollipop | 21 – 22 | 2014 | | 6.0 – 6.0.1 | Marshmallow | 23 | 2015 | | 7.0 – 7.1.2 | Nougat | 24 – 25 | 2016 | | 8.0 – 8.1 | Oreo | 26 – 27 | 2017 | | 9.0 | Pie | 28 | 2018 | | 10.0 | Android 10 | 29 | 2019 | | 11.0 | Android 11 | 30 | 2020 |

• Thousands of Fake applications try to steal your data
• An application that works properly on one Android OS might crash on another Android.
• If the application runs in the background, they use a mobile battery and drain it quickly.
• The processes and applications which run in the background use excess data that result in low internet speed which can be annoying sometimes.

• Android Emulator: It simulates Android devices on your computer which allows you to test the application on different devices and Android API levels without having that device.
• DDMS (Dalvik Debug Monitoring Services): It is a debugging tool used to provide services like message formation, capturing screenshots, etc.
• ADB (Android Debug Bridge): This command-line tool allows controlling communication with the android emulator instance.
• AAPT (Android Asset Packaging Tool): This build tool allows the developers to view, create, and work with ZIP-compatible archives (zip, jar, and apk).

It is one of the main building blocks of Android applications, which copes access to a central repository. It works as an interface that connects data and code from one process to another process.

They are responsible for encapsulating the data and providing mechanisms for defining data security. It is implemented as a subclass of ContentProviderclass and must implement a set of APIs that will enable other applications to perform transactions.

public class MyContentprovider extends ContentProvider

{

public void onCreate(){}

}